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Asbes
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Definition
Asbestos cement corrugated sheet — a composite material of asbestos fibres and Portland cement, used widely as a low-cost roofing and cladding material throughout Indonesia until the 2010s. Asbestos is now known to be carcinogenic when fibres are inhaled; Indonesia has not officially banned asbestos, but its use has declined sharply. Many older Indonesian buildings still have asbestos roofing in place, presenting a hazard during renovation or demolition.
Example
The kampung houses of 1970s–1990s Jakarta are typically roofed in asbestos sheets — the grey-brown corrugated material instantly recognisable and extremely durable, but now requiring careful removal and disposal under occupational safety protocols.