Architectural periods, styles, and the ideas that shaped them.
48 Terms
A hybrid architectural style that developed in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) during the 19th and early 20th cent…
Tropical architecture — a design approach that prioritises climate responsiveness as the primary generator of architectu…
A design style that emerged in the 1920s–1930s, characterized by geometric forms, bold colors, and luxurious materials. …
An ornamental style of the 1890s–1910s that drew inspiration from natural forms — flowing plant stems, insect wings, fem…
An architectural and artistic style (c. 1600–1750) emphasizing dramatic movement, rich ornamentation, and emotional inte…
A German art and design school (1919–1933) that became one of the most influential institutions in the history of modern…
An architectural style of the 1950s–70s characterised by the bold, unfinished expression of structural materials — parti…
The architectural style of the Byzantine Empire (330–1453), characterized by domed structures, rich mosaics, and elabora…
Relating to the architecture and design principles of ancient Greece and Rome, characterized by symmetry, proportion, or…
An architectural approach that draws from the architecture of ancient Greece and Rome — its orders, proportions, symmetr…
The Clerestory Test is an evaluation technique used to assess the effectiveness of clerestory windows in a building's de…
A Soviet avant-garde movement (1915–1930s) emphasizing industrial materials, geometric abstraction, and social purpose. …
A design approach that resists global homogenization by thoughtfully engaging with local place, culture, and materials. …
An architectural approach associated with the late 1980s onwards that fragments, distorts, and displaces conventional st…
An approach to design that freely combines elements from multiple styles, periods, and cultures without adhering to a si…
A movement emphasizing emotional and subjective expression through distortion, exaggeration, and dynamic forms. In archi…
A design philosophy stating that form should follow function — the building's appearance should be determined by its pur…
An early 20th-century avant-garde movement celebrating speed, technology, and dynamism. Futurist architecture features s…
A medieval European style of architecture (12th–16th centuries) characterised by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, flying b…
A late 20th-century style celebrating exposed technology, industrial materials, and engineering expression. High-Tech ar…
A term coined in 1932 by Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Philip Johnson to describe a globally emerging form of modern archi…
Kicau refers to a design philosophy that emphasizes the integration of natural elements and soundscapes within architect…
A design philosophy embracing abundance, richness, and complexity. Maximalism celebrates pattern, color, and ornamentati…
A design approach featuring massive frameworks that can accommodate future growth and change. Megastructures were popula…
Japanese architectural movement (1960s-70s) proposing buildings as living organisms with replaceable components and grow…
Movement reducing buildings to essential geometric forms and minimal material expression. Minimal architecture emphasize…
A design approach emphasizing essential forms, reduction to basics, and elimination of ornament. Minimalism celebrates e…
A broad architectural movement of the 20th century that rejected historical ornament in favour of functional clarity, ne…
Postmodern movement freely combining references from multiple historical styles without adherence to single tradition. N…
A 19th-century revival of Gothic architectural principles, featuring pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and vertical emphasi…
An 18th–19th-century movement reviving classical Greek and Roman principles of proportion, symmetry, and order. Neoclass…
An architectural philosophy emphasizing harmony between building and nature, developed by Frank Lloyd Wright. Organic ar…
A contemporary design approach using algorithms and computational parameters to generate complex forms. Parametric desig…
A design approach in which the geometry of a building is defined by parameters and rules rather than fixed shapes. Chang…
An architectural movement emerging in the 1970s as a reaction against the perceived austerity and universalism of Modern…
An art and design movement (1918–1925) emphasizing geometric abstraction, primary colors, and universal form. Purism sou…
A design philosophy emphasizing logical, systematic thinking and geometric order. Rationalism rejects emotional or arbit…
An adaptation of modernist principles to respond to local climate, culture, and materials. Regional modernism balances u…
A period of cultural rebirth (14th–16th centuries) emphasizing human potential, classical learning, and mathematical pro…
An 18th-century style of elegant, ornate decoration featuring curved forms, delicate details, and light colors. Rococo r…
A 19th-century movement emphasizing emotion, nature, and the picturesque. Romantic architecture celebrates irregular for…
An evolution of Art Deco (1930s–1940s) emphasizing aerodynamic forms inspired by ships, trains, and airplanes. Streamlin…
An architectural approach emphasizing the clear expression of structural systems as the primary design generator. Struct…
Syncopated fenestration refers to a design approach where windows and other openings are arranged in an irregular or sta…
A contemporary style blending high-tech expression with dark, dramatic aesthetics. Tech Noir embraces exposed mechanical…
A design approach that bridges two stylistic periods or traditions, blending elements from both while creating a distinc…
Movement reinterpreting traditional local building practices and forms in contemporary architecture. Vernacular revival …
A 19th-century (1837–1901) architectural style encompassing multiple revivals (Gothic, Greek, Romanesque) and eclectic c…