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Batu Alam
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Definition
Natural stone — including andesite, limestone, sandstone, and volcanic rock — used as a cladding, paving, or structural material in Indonesian architecture. Batu alam is widely available across the archipelago and has deep roots in both vernacular and ceremonial building traditions. Its thermal mass and visual richness make it a popular choice in tropical residential and resort architecture.
Example
The Pura Besakih temple complex in Bali uses andesite volcanic stone for its tiered shrines and pathways, demonstrating how batu alam integrates with the landscape and weathers beautifully under tropical conditions.